HOW MANY TYPES OF TURBINE?
TYPES OF TURBINE .
Turbines are also divided by their principle of operation and can be:
An Impulse turbine, which is driven by a high-velocity jet (or multiple jets) of water.
A Reaction turbine. The rotor of a reaction turbine is fully immersed in water and is enclosed in a pressure casing. The runner blades are profiled so that pressure differences across them impose lift forces, just as on aircraft wings, which cause the runner to rotate faster than is possible with a jet.
A Gravity turbine is driven simply by the weight of water entering the top of the turbine and falling to the bottom, where it is released – for example, an overshot waterwheel. These are inherently slow-running machines.
There are 3 main types of impulse turbine in use: the Pelton, the Turgo, and the CROSSFLO turbine. The two main types of reaction turbine are the propeller turbine (with Kaplan variant) and the Francis turbine. The reverse Archimedes Screw and the overshot waterwheel are both gravity turbines.
The approximate ranges of head, flow and power applicable to the different turbine types are summarised in the chart of Figure 1 (up to 500kW power). These are approximate and depend on the precise design of each manufacturer.
Turbines are also divided by their principle of operation and can be:
An Impulse turbine, which is driven by a high-velocity jet (or multiple jets) of water.
REACTION TURBINE.
A Reaction turbine. The rotor of a reaction turbine is fully immersed in water and is enclosed in a pressure casing. The runner blades are profiled so that pressure differences across them impose lift forces, just as on aircraft wings, which cause the runner to rotate faster than is possible with a jet.
GRAVITY TURBINE.
A Gravity turbine is driven simply by the weight of water entering the top of the turbine and falling to the bottom, where it is released – for example, an overshot waterwheel. These are inherently slow-running machines.
TYPES OF IMPULSE TURBINE.
There are 3 main types of impulse turbine in use: the Pelton, the Turgo, and the CROSSFLO turbine. The two main types of reaction turbine are the propeller turbine (with Kaplan variant) and the Francis turbine. The reverse Archimedes Screw and the overshot waterwheel are both gravity turbines.
The approximate ranges of head, flow and power applicable to the different turbine types are summarised in the chart of Figure 1 (up to 500kW power). These are approximate and depend on the precise design of each manufacturer.
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